Velocity: Torricelli's theorem, v = √(2·g·h), where h is the depth of liquid above the opening — not the full tank height. Notice velocity does not depend on density.
Range: R = 2·√(h·H), where H is the opening's height above the base. Watch closely: moving the gravity slider barely changes the range — g cancels out of this formula algebraically, even though it clearly changes the jet's velocity and fall time individually.
Pressure & flow rate: unlike velocity, hydrostatic pressure (P = ρgh) and mass flow rate both scale directly with density — a heavier liquid pushes out with more force and mass per second, even at the same speed. Try changing gravity or density while the opening is open and watch the jet respond immediately.
Draining stops once the water surface reaches the opening — liquid below the hole has no way out.